CentOS7的镜像中已经提供了httpd2.4的rpm包,httpd2.4相对于httpd2.2有较大的改进,在CentOS6下只能通过Apache官方网站提供的源码包编译安装。
httpd2.4新特性:
MPM支持运行DOS机制;
支持event MPM;
支持异步读写;
支持每模块及每个目录分别使用各自的日志级别;
每请求配置;<If>
增强版的表达式分析器;
支持毫秒级的keepalive timeout;
基于FQDN的虚拟主机不再需要NameVirtualHost指令;
支持用户自定义变量;
新模块:
mod_proxy_fcgi:与PHP结合的模块;
mod_ratelimit:限制下载速率的模块;
mod_remoteip:设定远程客户端IP;
修改的配置机制:不再支持使用order,allow,deny定义基于ip的访问控制,改为require;
编译安装Httpd2.4:
httpd2.4依赖于apr和apr-util,1.4以上版本,所以需要一同编译安装;
apr:ApachePortable Runtime,Apache可移植运行时;
官网:apr.apache.org
实验环境:
系统版本:CentOS 6.6x86_64;
httpd源码包:httpd-2.4.16.tar.bz2;
apr源码包:apr-1.5.2.tar.bz2;
apr-util源码包:apr-util-1.5.4.tar.bz2
实验前提:
关闭防火墙和SELinux;
安装编译环境;
# yum groupinstall "Server Platform Development" "Developmenttools"
实验过程:
一、安装服务;
apr:
# tar xf apr-1.5.2.tar.bz2# cd apr-1.5.2#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr# make && make install
apr-util:
# tar xf apr-util-1.5.4.tar.bz2# cd apr-util-1.5.4#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/ --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/ :指明apr安装位置;# make && make install
httpd:
# tar xf httpd-2.4.16.tar.bz2# cd httpd-2.4.16#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-modules=all --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event# make && make install
httpd编译参数解释:
--prefix=/usr/local/apache :安装位置;--sysconfdir=/etc/httpd :配置文件位置;--enable-so :支持DSO动态装载模块;--enable-ssl :支持SSL/TLS,可实现https协议访问,需要安装openssl-devel;--enable-cgi :支持CGI脚本;--enable-rewrite :支持URL重写;--with-zlib :使用指定的zlib压缩库,不指定路径会自动寻找;--with-pcre :使用指定的pcre库,增强的正则表达式分析工具;不指定路径会自动寻找 需已安装pcre-devel;--with-apr=/usr/local/apr :指定依赖apr程序安装位置;--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util :指定依赖apr-util程序安装位置;--enable-modules=all :支持动态启用模块;all:所有,most:常用;--enable-mpms-shared=all :编译并共享模块;--with-mpm=event :默认启用模块;{prefork|worker|event}
二、参数配置;
接下来是安装完成之后的参数配置;
添加环境变量,并重读文件:
# vim /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh> export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
导出头文件;
# ln -sv /usr/local/apache/include /usr/include/httpd
导出man手册;
# vim /etc/man.config> MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man
启动服务,查看监听端口;
# apachectl start# ss �tnl
访问测试;
提供服务脚本:
可使用rpm包安装提供的脚本修改使用:
# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd> #!/bin/bash> #> # httpdStartup script for the Apache HTTP Server> #> # chkconfig:- 85 15> #description: Apache is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve \> # HTML files and CGI.> #processname: httpd> # config:/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf> # config:/etc/sysconfig/httpd> # pidfile:/var/run/httpd.pid>> # Sourcefunction library.> ./etc/rc.d/init.d/functions>> if [ -f/etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then> . /etc/sysconfig/httpd> fi>> # Starthttpd in the C locale by default.> HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}>> # This willprevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if> # mod_sslneeds a pass-phrase from the user.> INITLOG_ARGS="">> # SetHTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server> # with thethread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not> # workcorrectly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.>> # Path tothe apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.> apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl> httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}> prog=httpd> pidfile=${PIDFILE-/usr/local/apache/logs/httpd.pid}> lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}> RETVAL=0>> start() {> echo -n $"Starting $prog: "> LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile}$httpd $OPTIONS> RETVAL=$?> echo> [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch${lockfile}> return $RETVAL> }> stop() {> echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "> killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd> RETVAL=$?> echo> [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f${lockfile} ${pidfile}> }> reload() {> echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "> if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS-t >&/dev/null; then> RETVAL=$?> echo $"not reloading dueto configuration syntax err or"> failure $"not reloading$httpd due to configuration >syntax error"> else> killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd-HUP> RETVAL=$?> fi> echo> }>> # See how wewere called.> case"$1" in> start)> start> ;;> stop)> stop> ;;> status)> status -p ${pidfile} $httpd> RETVAL=$?> ;;> restart)> stop> start> ;;> condrestart)> if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then> stop> start> fi> ;;> reload)> reload> ;;> graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)> $apachectl $@> RETVAL=$?> ;;> *)> echo $"Usage: $prog{start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"> exit 1> esac>> exit $RETVAL
修改主配置文件指定pidfile;
# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf> PidFile "/var/run/httpd.pid"
脚本执行权限;
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
添加服务,测试脚本;
# chkconfig httpd �add# chkconfig httpd on
# service httpd stop# service httpd start# service httpd restart# service httpd reload
httpd2.4配置文件:
# /etc/httpd24 :编译安装时指定的配置文件目录;# /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf :主配置文件# /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-default.conf :默认配置文件,keepalive、AccessFileName等设置;# /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-userdir.conf :用户目录配置文件;# /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-mpm.conf :MPM配置文件;# /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-ssl.conf :SSL配置文件,为站点提供https协议;# /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf :虚拟主机配置文件;# /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-info.conf :server-status页面配置文件;
至此httpd2.4的编译安装配置已完成,httpd2.4的配置与httpd2.2大致相同。
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